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We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Privacy Overview This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Rather than query the corpus for all combinations of all these forms individually, you can use an asterisk i. First of all, some words beginning with the string ma are not instances of the verb make e. You would also probably like to exclude the noun or adjective decision-making and the noun decision-makers.
The thinning of instances i. To obtain the password, please write an email to Nadja. Is the singular or the plural form more frequent?
Otherwise, the new selection of texts is added to the old selection. Please also state what x is. If so, what are the words occurring to the right of gamut? Give the full sentence in which it occurs The sentence starts with the word In; ignore the 6-digit combinations of letters and numbers interspersed in the text. If not, give one example of a result that is not an instance of this collocation.
Remove this instance i. First, you formulate some more precise questions or hypotheses that you would like to investigate: - Does Australian English exclusively use vocabulary items from either British or American English or does it use items from both varieties? Then you choose your corpus. This corpus contains written English of different text types you need to keep in mind, therefore, that your study has two major caveats: first, your investigation is limited to only a very small part of the Australian English vocabulary, and secondly, your investigation is based on written language only.
In the case of flashlights, the co-occurrence of the words with pitch darkness indicate that some kind of lamp is indeed referred to. In the case of torch, the first two occurrences appear to be part of a proper name that refers to some kind of operation and therefore need to be disregarded. The third instance that has been thrown up by the search is neither an instance of torch nor of torches; the fourth is an instance of the verb to torch.
These two instances need to be disregarded. The final two instances actually are instances that seem to refer to a portable lamp. A common notation for this is 2 1 , i. There are no results for elevator. Glancing through them, you notice that many of these are instances of the verb lift rather than of the noun. This leaves you with 40 instances. As you glance through the remaining instances, you notice that many instances of the verb lift are preceded by to.
You perform another sort, this time according to the word to the left of the search term, and remove the instances of lift preceded by to, which leaves you with the following 24 instances: You go trough these one by one and decide whether they are instances of the relevant concept.
While doing that, you notice that it is not only the verb to lift that has to be excluded from the count, but also other meanings of the noun lift, in particular the meaning as in to give sb.
To decide whether certain instances refer to a ski lift or a lift in a building, you will need to look at more context in some cases.
In the end, you are left with 6 instances numbers 1, 2, 4, 18, 19, All 5 instances of nappy appear to be instances of the concept in question. To get an overview over your results, you enter them in a table. As all the texts of one category are stored in one file in this corpus, this is difficult to find out in some cases, however.
If the instances occur in different categories, they also appear in different texts. If they appear in the same category, a good indication is the word number which is given next to the file name in the concordance line; a word number such as 5,, for example, means that in the category in question the search term is the 5,th word. As the texts in the Australian Corpus of English are only around 2, words long see the corpus manual , two instances that have word numbers more than 2, words apart are unlikely to occur in the same text.
If they have word numbers that are apart less than 2, words, one way to find out is to open the file with a word processor and use the search function of that program. For the purposes of this investigation, you judge this as unnecessary, however. What do these results tell you with respect to your research questions then? First, Australian English does not exclusively use either British or American vocabulary.
Secondly, the results indicate that in some cases, in Australian English either the British or the American word is used exclusively but the results are no conclusive proof: a larger corpus might throw up instances of the other variety : In the case of freeway — motorway, only the American word occurs in the corpus, in the case of nappy — diaper and lift — elevator, only the British word occurs. This might lead to the hypothesis which in turn might be the basis for further research that words relating to traffic and cars might be dominantly American in Australian English.
In some cases, however, Australian English uses both the American and the British term. In the case of torch and flashlight, the words might be used with similar frequencies though the numbers are too small for any firm conclusions. In the case of pavement and sidewalk, pavement appears to be the dominant variant. Moreover, it appears from the results that sidewalk is only used in modifying function sidewalk throng, sidewalk stalls, sidewalk cafes and bazaars.
None of the instances of pavement occurs in this function. So this might be a case where the words from the two varieties have undergone a functional distinction in Australian English.
Although the words investigated are of course too few for any definite conclusions, the results see the totals in the table indicate that while British vocabulary is dominant in Australian English, there has also been some influence of American English.
In a larger study, you would of course not only include more items, but also contrast your results with those recorded in relevant literature on Australian English. Example 2: Present perfect and simple past in British and American English You are interested in differences of the use of the present perfect and the simple past in British and American English.
First, you formulate some questions or hypotheses on what precisely you want to find out: - Does the simple past not occur at all with these adverbs in British English?
Then click on [Start query]. Paperback Nicholas Sparks Books. Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag.
Now browse through the file using the arrow buttons: The lowest-priced, brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging where packaging is applicable. Since you only get 50 hits per page, click on these arrow buttons to go to the next page, to the last page, and back to the start page. See details for additional description. Now choose a word — any word — and type it in the box.
You will get a page of hits. All listings for this product Buy it now Buy it now. What kind of information does this tell you? Now choose a word — any word — and type it in the box. Click on any example of your search word in the main concordance window: See all 4 brand new listings.
Skip to main content. How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Try browsing through your concordance, taking a quick look at the examples as you go down. Now browse through the file using the arrow buttons: All listings for this product Buy it now Buy it now.
This is like the Concord program in WordSmith. See details and exclusions. Best-selling in Language See all. About this product Key Features Author s.
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